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Anti-cancer activities of Ganoderma lucidum: active ingredients and pathways
Food Science Publisher
Ganoderma lucidum, commonly referred to as Lingzhi, has been used in Asia for health promotion for centuries. The anti-cancer effects of G. lucidum have been demonstrated in both in vitro and in vivo studies. In addition, the observed anti-cancer activities of Ganoderma have prompted its usage by cancer patients alongside chemotherapy. The main two bioactive components of G. lucidum can be broadly grouped into triterpenes and polysaccharides. Despite triterpenes and polysaccharides being widely known as the major active ingredients, the different biological pathways by which they exert their anti-cancer effect remain poorly defined. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of action may lead to more widespread use of Ganoderma as an anti-cancer agent. The aim of this paper is to summarise the various bioactive mechanisms that have been proposed for the anti-cancer properties of triterpenes and polysaccharides extracted from G. lucidum. A literature search of published papers on NCBI with keywords “Ganoderma” and “cancer” was performed. Among those, studies which specifically examined the anti-cancer activities of Ganoderma triterpenes and polysaccharides were selected to be included in this paper. We have found five potential mechanisms which are associated with the anti-cancer activities of Ganoderma triterpenes and three potential mechanisms for Ganoderma polysaccharides. In addition, G. lucidum has been used in combination with known anti-cancer agents to improve the anti-cancer efficacies. This suggests Ganoderma’s bioactive pathways may compliment that of anti-cancer agents. In this paper we present several potential anti-cancer mechanisms of Ganoderma triterpenes and polysaccharides which can be used for the development of Ganoderma as an anti-cancer agent.
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In vitro and in vivo studies of ganoderma lucidum in cancer
Syairah Nabila
Journal of International Dental and Medical Research, 2020
Current cancer therapy such as chemotherapy and radiography are known to possess many side effects that could lead to serious complications. The application of natural product as complementary and alternative treatment provides significant advantages. It could increase the sensitivity of chemotherapy and radiography while at the same time reducing their associated side effects and complications. With regards to anticancer drugs, more than 50% of the modern oncological drugs are derived from natural products. An edible mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum has long been used in traditional and conventional medicine in China, for the prevention and treatment of various human diseases. The fungus possesses a wide variety of bioactive compounds present in its fruiting bodies, mycelium and spores, including anticancer property that has been proven in in vitro and in vivo studies. The carcinostatic effects of G. lucidum have been shown in a variety of cancer cell lines, including breast, pancreas, ...
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GANODERMA LUCIDUM: A TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE USED FOR CURING TUMORS Review Article
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (IJPPS)
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2021
Ganoderma lucidum is generally called "Lingzhi or Reishi", and also be a Traditional Chinese medicine utilized in over 2000 y for their better therapeutic activity like antitumor, antiallergenic, antiviral, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, hypotensive, immunomodulator, hypoglycemic, antiinflammatory, antithrombotic, antibacterial and many other health benefits. Ganoderma lucidum is one of the oldest herbal remedy found and grow in wide variety parts on deciduous trees (dead/dying tree) specifically in oak, pyrus, maple, elm, willow, sweetgum, magnolia, locust, acer, betula, castanea, coryolus, fagus, populus, plums and other plants species. It also be contains 400 major bioactive chemical constituents include polysaccharides, triterpenoids, polysaccharide-peptide complex, β-glucans, lectins, natural germanium (Ge), adenosine, phenols, steroids, amino acids, lignin, vitamins, nucleotides or nucleosides possesses specific curative properties and formed a wide variety of viable products from Ganoderma fruiting bodies, mycelia, spores i.e. coffee, powder, dietary enhancements, tea, spore items, drinks, syrups, toothpastes, cleansers or creams. Many in vitro or in vivo analyses with regards Ganoderma lucidum evidenced their antitumor activity but some conducted clinical studies are questionable and remains undefined for their antitumor effect. Though, we reviewed and summarized in this article about treatment and various pharmacological mechanism against tumor with respect to extract (polysaccharide and triterpenoid) of Ganoderma lucidum.
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The Effect of Ethanol Extract from Lingzhi Fungi (Ganoderma lucidum) Cianjur Isolate on E-Cadherin Expression KB CCL-17 Oral Cell Cancer
Dody Novrial
Jurnal Biotek Medisiana Indonesia
ABSTRAK Kanker rongga mulut/karsinoma sel skuamosa rongga mulut (OSCC) yang berasal dari epitel rongga mulut bersifat invasif dan bermetastasis. Salah satu protein yang berperan dalam menjaga adhesi sel dalam pembentukan kanker adalah E-cadherin. E-cadherin memiliki peran penting dalam embriogenesis, bertindak sebagai molekul penekan tumor invasif. Pengobatan yang dilakukan terhadap kanker yang invasif dan bermetastasis adalah kemoterapi dan radioterapi, tetapi pengobatan ini memiliki efek samping yang tidak diinginkan. Untuk itu diperlukan pengobatan alternatif, seperti pengobatan menggunakan bahan-bahan alami. Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) diyakini dapat meningkatkan ekspresi E-cadherin sebagai anti kanker alami dan memiliki kemampuan sitotoksik dan anti-angiogenik, menginduksi apoptosis, merangsang respon imun dengan meningkatkan level limfosit CD3, CD4, dan CD8, dan merupakan antioksidan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui ekspresi E-cadherin pada kultur OSCC (KB CCL-17) y...
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Anticancer Properties of Ganoderma Lucidum Methanol Extracts In Vitro and In Vivo
Ivana Stojanović
Nutrition and Cancer-an International Journal, 2009
Anticancer activities of various extracts of the medicinal mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum, have been widely demonstrated and are mainly associated with the presence of different bioactive polysaccharides and triterpenoids. We have evaluated and compared in vitro and in vivo the antitumor effects of two preparations from Ganoderma lucidum: a methanol extract containing total terpenoids (GLme) and a purified methanol extract containing mainly acidic terpenoids (GLpme). Both extracts inhibited tumor growth of B16 mouse melanoma cells inoculated subcutaneously into syngeneic C57BL/6 mice and reduced viability of B16 cells in vitro, whereby GLme exhibited stronger effect. Furthermore, anticancer activity of GLme was demonstrated for the first time against two other rodent tumor cell lines, L929-mouse fibrosarcoma and C6-rat astrocytoma. The mechanism of antitumor activity of GLme comprised inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of caspase-dependent apoptotic cell death mediated by upregulated p53 and inhibited Bcl-2 expression. Moreover, the antitumor effect of the GLme was associated with intensified production of reactive oxygen species, whereas their neutralization by the antioxidant, N-acetyl cysteine, resulted in partial recovery of cell viability. Thus, our results suggest that GLme might be a good candidate for treatment of diverse forms of cancers.
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Ganoderma lucidum inhibits tumour cell proliferation and induces tumour cell death
Daniel Y Lee
Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 2006
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Natural Bio-Compounds from Ganoderma lucidum and Their Beneficial Biological Actions for Anticancer Application: A Review
Carolina Pascale
Antioxidants, 2023
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Ganoderma lucidum inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells PC-3
Kevin Harvey
International Journal of Oncology, 2004
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Anticancer and Antibacterial Activity of Ganoderma lucidum
M. Reenaa
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2016
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The Effect Of Ethanol Extract From Lingzhi Fungi (Ganoderma Lucidum) Cianjur Isolate On Syndecan-1 Expressions In Kb CCL17 Oral Cancer Cell
Haris Budi Widodo
Dentika: Dental Journal
Intercellular adhesion plays a role in cancer formation and protein has a key potential in maintaining cell adhesion, including syndecan-1. Meanwhile, oral cancer originates from the oral epithelium, which has an invasive and metastatic level. Its treatments involving chemotherapy and radiotherapy commonly leave unfavorable side effects, hence, suitable alternatives are needed. Natural ingredients are widely used as an alternative treatment for cancer, for example, Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) which has anti-cancer and anti-angiogenic properties, induces apoptosis, stimulates an immune response, inhibits the degradation of Extracellular matrix (ECM), reduces inflammation, affects cell cycles, cytotoxic, and acts as an antioxidant.This study aims to determine the effect of ethanol extract from Ganoderma lucidum Cianjur isolate on syndecan-1 expression in KB CCL-17 oral cell cancer. This was an experimental study with a post-test only control group design, the treatment group used G...
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